Finding Capital

Raising capital is the most basic of all business activities, but it may not be easy; in fact, it is often a complex and frustrating process. However, if you have studied and planned effectively, raising money for your business will go as smoothly as possible.

Finding the Money You Need

There are several sources to consider when looking for financing. It is important to explore all of your options before making a decision.

Personal savings: The primary source of capital for most new businesses comes from savings and other personal resources. While credit cards are often used to finance business needs, there are usually better options available, even for very small loans.

Friends and relatives: Many entrepreneurs look to private sources such as friends and family when starting out in a business venture. Often, money is loaned interest-free or at a low interest rate, which can be beneficial when getting started.

Banks and credit unions: The most common sources of funding, banks and credit unions, will provide a loan if you can show that your business proposal is sound.

Angel Investors and Venture capital firms: These individuals and firms help expanding companies grow in exchange for equity or partial ownership.

Additional Sources of Capital

Credit Cards
Customer Financing
Employee Stock Ownership (ESOP)
Factoring Accounts Receivables
Home Equity Loans
Mergers and Acquisitions
Purchase Order Financing
State-Specific Economic Development Programs (search your individual state)
Strategic Partnering

Borrowing Money

It is often said that small businesses face difficulty borrowing money, but this is not necessarily true. Banks make money by lending money. However, the inexperience of many small business owners in financial matters often prompts banks to deny loan requests. Requesting a loan when you are not properly prepared suggests to your lender that you are a high risk.

To successfullly obtain a loan, you must be prepared and organized. You must know exactly how much money you need, why you need it, and how you will pay it back. You must be able to convince your lender that you are a good credit risk.

Types of Business Loans

Terms of loans vary from lender to lender, but there are two basic types: short-term and long-term.

Generally, a short-term loan has a maturity of up to one year. These include working capital loans, accounts receivable loans and lines of credit.

Long-term loans have maturities greater than one year but usually less than seven years. Real estate and equipment loans may have maturities of up to 25 years. Long-term loans are used for major business expenses such as purchasing real estate and facilities, construction, durable equipment, furniture and fixtures, vehicles, etc.

SBA loan programs are intended to encourage long-term small business financing, but actual loan maturities are based on the ability to repay, the purpose of the loan proceeds, and the useful life of the assets financed. However, maximum loan maturities have been established: twenty-five years for real estate; up to ten years for equipment (depending on the useful life of the equipment); and generally up to seven years for working capital. Short-term loans are also available through the SBA to help small businesses meet their short term and cyclical working capital needs.

How to Write a Loan Proposal

Approval of your loan request depends on how well you present yourself, your business, and your financial needs to a lender. Remember, lenders want to make loans, but they must make loans they know will be repaid. The best way to improve your chances of obtaining a loan is to prepare a written proposal.

A well-written loan proposal contains:

General Information

Business name, names of principals, Social Security number for each principal, and the business address
Purpose of the loan - exactly what the loan will be used for and why it is needed
Amount required - the exact amount you need to achieve your purpose

Business Description

History and nature of the business - details of what kind of business it is, its age, number of employees and current business assets
Ownership structure - details on your company's legal structure

Management Profile

Develop a short statement on each principal in your business, provide background, education experience, skills and accomplishments.

Market Information

Clearly define your company's products as well as your markets.
Identify your competition and explain how your business competes in the marketplace.
Profile your customers and explain how your business can satisfy their needs.

Financial Information

Financial statements - balance sheets and income statements for the past three years. If you are starting out, provide a projected balance sheet and income statement.
Personal financial statements on yourself and other principal owners of the business
Collateral you are willing to pledge as security for the loan

How Your Loan Request Will Be Reviewed

When reviewing a loan request, the lender is primarily concerned about repayment. To help determine its likelihood, many loan officers will order a copy of your business credit report from a credit-reporting agency. Therefore, you should work with these agencies to make sure they present an accurate picture of your business. Using the credit report and the information you have provided, the lending officer will consider the following issues:

Have you invested savings or personal equity in your business totaling at least 25 percent to 50 percent of the loan you are requesting? Remember, no lender or investor will finance 100 percent of your business.
Do you have a sound record of credit-worthiness as indicated by your credit report, work history and letters of recommendation? This is very important.
Do you have sufficient experience and training to operate a successful business?
Have you prepared a loan proposal and business plan that demonstrate your understanding of and commitment to the success of the business?
Does the business have sufficient cash flow to make the monthly payments?